What are Organs? 

Organs are formed by two or more types of tissues. There are ten organ systems found within the body. The following provides tissues or organs found within each organ system and major functions. 

Organ Systems

Integumentary: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands

• The integumentary system serves as the first line of defense in protection against bacteria and microbes. It also regulates body temperature, detects stimuli, and makes vitamin D.

Skeletal: bones and joints

• The skeletal system serves as the location for red blood cell creation and aids in movement, support, and protection.

Muscular: muscle tissue

• The muscular system contracts and relaxes with voluntary and involuntary movement. The muscular system also produces heat and maintains posture.

Nervous: brain, spinal cord, and nerves

• The nervous system receives input and responds using nerve action potentials (nerve impulses) to secrete substances from glands or initiate muscle contractions. 

Circulatory: heart, blood, and blood vessels 

• The circulatory system provides oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to tissues and organs while carrying wastes away from cells. Also important in water regulation, temperature, and protection.

Lymphatic: lymph nodes, lymph vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils

• The lymphatic system carries fluid, protein, and lipids into blood cells and produces white blood cells for immunity. 

Respiratory: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs

• The respiratory system is responsible for transporting oxygen into blood cells and removing carbon dioxide. The respiratory system uses air to produce sound. 

Digestive: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, pancreas

• The digestive system processes food using enzymes and acids for nutrient breakdown and absorption, excreting waste products in urine and feces. 

Urinary: kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra 

• The urinary system produces, stores, and excretes urine and regulates water within the body. The acid-base balance and regulation of red blood cells are also functions of the urinary system.

Reproductive (female): uterus, breasts, ovaries, vagina

• The female reproductive system serves to release an oocyte intended for reproduction and mammary glands to produce milk for babies. Hormone production within the ovaries is also an integral function of the female reproductive system. 

Reproductive (male): testes, urethra, prostate, penis 

• The male reproductive system produces sperm intended for reproduction. The testes release hormones within the male body. 

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Source(s):

1. Jerry Tortora and Bryan Dickerson, Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, 16th ed. (New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2021).